The latest missive in the Toronto transportation debate comes courtesy of the CAA. The Mobility Express is a CAA proposal targeting traffic congestion in the GTA. Some of the highlights include an offshore extension to the Gardiners Expressway past Scarborough, a new commuter expressway to more directly connect Scarborough and eastern York Region to the downtown core, and other road upgrades to expressways and extensions of current highways. In terms of public transit, the CAA has also recommended that the Queen subway be resurrected, as well as the planned extension of the Sheppard line to Scarborough Town Centre. Other extensions of commuter rail and subway lines are also suggested, including a Bloor-Danforth extension into Missisauga that the CAA has marked a top priority.If you’re looking for a bit of debate, the Toronto Star has unwittingly provided both sides of the issue in its pages; an editorial suggests that the CAA needs to concentrate on more realistic solutions, including greater emphasis on public transit, while a columnist in the Wheels section thinks it’s about time.The aforementioned editorial states that only one page of the 11-page report discusses transit improvements. To be fair, there are only two pages that explicitly discuss refinements to the city’s asphalt network. Nevertheless, the editorial does point out an imbalance that many—including Mayor David Miller—have picked up on. The bias against public transit is obvious in the first few pages of the report, where the CAA outlines the need for such improvements.The CAA details the many additions to the public transit network and juxtaposes them with the cancellation or reduction of several highway projects. It argues that transit has been a failure at keeping pace with the increase in traffic over the last three decades, and there’s also the implication that the focus on transit has hurt the road network. Former Toronto roads and traffic commissioner Sam Cass, in a lead-off editorial, wrote of Toronto’s transit-centric transportation plans that “never before has so much been spent by so many to benefit so few.” Perhaps we shouldn’t expect any less from a lobby group essentially made up of car drivers.But are they right? Regardless of their position on public transit, is it still necessary to re-evaluate the road network and make changes? As much as I don’t like the focus on roads as the savior of all that is good, the report makes a number of solid points, especially in a section outlining the myths used to oppose highway projects and the like. For example, the CAA argues that urban sprawl requires expressways, as opposed to expressways triggering urban sprawl. The key here is that expressways are not catalysts of a problem, but rather symptoms of one (although it’s debatable whether the CAA, or many of the people it represents, would consider urban sprawl a problem). And it does seem true that higher density development requires an improvement of existing transportation networks, both transit and road.But even then, the CAA takes a car-centric approach in outlining and debunking myths. For example, one myth the CAA presents is, “Higher density development will encourage public transit use.” Oddly enough, the CAA agrees with the statement, but does add the caveat that roads are equally important. But the phrasing suggests that high-density development and transit use don’t go hand in hand. Also, when the report debunks the myth of expressways causing urban sprawl, it doesn’t go any further than simply stating that it’s the other way around. Assume that a) people don’t like expressways, and b) urban sprawl require expressways to function. What solutions, then, does the CAA offer for reducing urban sprawl? The issue isn’t even touched.In a sense, the CAA’s proposal is pragmatic in nature, even as it suggests lavish projects like huge expressway bridges over Lake Ontario. It essentially takes the GTA as it currently exists and asks, what can we do to improve the transportation network, assuming that nothing else changes? Hence the proliferation of highways—the city will simply shut down otherwise. But does that mean this is the right solution? The report gets one other thing right: most of the traffic congestion in the GTA is a direct result of the 905/416 divide, where people live in the 905 suburbs and work in the 416 core.Despite the best efforts of municipalities like York Region and Vaughan, public transit has made comparitvely little impact versus the downtown core and surrounding area. Much of this has to do with the physical makeup of the suburbs, an area almost designed to mitigate the best efforts of public transit and pedestrians: long blocks, winding residential streets and cul-de-sacs, low-density developments, many multi-lane avenues and highways that impede pedestrian use. To combat this problem, do we simply build more roadways? Or is the answer perhaps closer to that of a proposal tabled a year or two ago, recommending that residential and commercial densities along major roads like Eglinton and Sheppard be increased to combat urban sprawl and increase the effectiveness of transit along those roads?One of the main reasons public transit fails in low-density areas is the demand for it is so spread out; servicing everyone who wants to take the bus to work would require such a high number of bus routes that it would cost a great deal of money and time to put them all into place, assuming people didn’t mind take the scenic route through a bunch of subdivisions before getting to a subway station. Thus everyone drives cars, causing our current situation. It’s safe to say that we’d have different congestion problems if the 905 area were developed in a similar fashion to the downtown core, and perhaps they’d be easier to solve. But this is not a reality, and unless we strive for it, it likely never will be.The point of bringing up the possibility of high-density development in York Region, however, is to suggest that while expressways are an obvious solution, perhaps the real answer lies elsewhere. There are many questions that still don’t have clear answers. For example, to the Wheels columnist who drives in from Milton every day on the Gardiners Expressway: why aren’t you taking the GO Train instead? There’s a station in Milton. Is it because the schedule is bad? Is it because the station itself is inaccessible? Is it simply because you can’t be bothered with the hassle of taking a train and prefer to drive instead? And if so, considering your obvious distress at being held up in traffic, why is the alternative so odious? These are just some of the questions we’ll all have to figure out before we can say definitively that highways are the only solution, despite all their problems.Problems? What problems? We’ll have to get to that some other day, but to put it simply, we’ll take the example of the San Francisco Embarcadero Freeway, mentioned in the CAA report. Freeways are as good as solid barriers in a city.